Trading Glossary

aMembers or their customers.

Floor Trader
Also known as a "local". Exchange member who only trades for his own account.

Futures
All contracts covering purchase and sale of financial instruments or physical commodities for future delivery on a commodity futures exchange.

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GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Hedge
Strategy to limit investment loss by effecting a transaction which offsets an existing position.

Holder
Purchaser of an option

IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards

IFRS 3
Accounting standard for "business combinations" or Merger and Acquisitions transactions. First standard written jointly by International Accounting Standards Board and the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Initial Performance Bond
Also known as "Initial Margin". Funds required when a futures position is opened.

Integrity and Ethics
Reside under the Control Environment. The senior management need to set the tone for the company. Whilst they might be considered "soft" and "intangible" concepts, they affect the design, administration and monitoring of

Negative examples of integrity and ethics are the infamous Enron and WorldCom scandals.

A positive example is BP which sets a high bar for ethical behaviour by employees. To back this policy up they make mention of it and its effectiveness in financial reports.

In-the-money
Occurs if the strike price of a call option is less than the market price of the underlying security. For put options the strike price has to be higher than the market price of the underlying security for it to be in-the money.p>Intrinsic Value
Amount by which an option is in-the-money.

ISDA
International Swaps and Derivatives Association

LTCM
Long Term Capital Management

Margin Requirement for Options
Amount an uncovered (naked) option writer is required to deposit and maintain to cover a position. Calculated

Market Order
Order for immediate execution given to a broker to buy or sell at the best obtainable price.

Mark-To-Market
Daily adjustment of margin accounts to reflect profit and loss.

MD&A
Management's Disclosure and Analysis

Mezzanine
When applied to finance refers to moderate risk or mid level.

Minimum Price Fluctuation
Smallest increment of price movement possible in trading a given contract. It is also referred to as "lead month".

MUST
Multi-Underlying Structured Trade

NASPP
National Association of Stock Plan Professionals

Nearby
Nearest active trading month of a futures or options on futures contract.

NYSE
New York Stock Exchange

Offer
Price at which an investor is willing to sell a futures or options contract. Offset buying if one has sold, or selling if one has bought, a futures or options on futures contract.

Omgeo
Vendor of post-execution trade management solutions.

Omgeo TradeSuite
US trade confirmation service from Omgeo

Open Interest
Total number of futures or options on futures contracts that have not yet been offset or fulfilled by delivery. An indicator of the depth or liquidity of a market (the ability to buy or sell at or near a given price) and of the

Private Equity Intelligence
Research group specialising in the private equity arena.

Private File Creator
Private File Creator from Accuity allows users to create and maintain personalized lists of relevant business entities for use in their enhanced due diligence and Know Your Customer programs.

Prodiance
Provider of enterprise spreadsheet management

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Organization set up under Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 to regulate auditing of public companies and auditors.

Quantifi
provider of analytics and risk management solutions for the global credit markets.

Regulation FD
Regulation Fair Disclosure

Rule enforced by the SEC requiring U.S. to make available to the public that they make to securities analysts. If the disclosure is intentional the release has to be simultaneous. Unintentional

Repo
The practice of loaning out shares in return for cash.

Risk Assessment
One of five components of internal control according to the COSO Internal Control Framework

Risks faced by the company have to be recognized. Objectives have to be set, integrated into the value-chain. To achieve the objectives, risks have to be identified, analyzed and develop methods to manage them.

Rule 13a-15 (e)
SEC rule which defines Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Rule 13a-15 (f)
SEC rule which defines Internal Control over Financial Reporting

SCSE
Society of Corporate Compliance and Ethics

SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission.

SOX
Shorthand for Sarbanes-Oxley.

Structured Notes
Derivatives-linked bonds designed to deliver high returns over a fixed period.

Synthetic Collateralised Debt Obligations
Repackaged portfolios of credit derivatives.

TOCOM
Tokyo Commodity Exchange

TS2
System proprosed by the ECB for a single securities settlements across the Eurozone.

TSE
Tokyo Stock Exchange